Dive deep into comprehensive visualizations that tell the complete story of Nigeria's fiscal reality. Every chart, every trend, every number represents a piece of our collective future.
Each states the period it covers and the document it came from.
Q1 2020 to Q1 2026, quarter by quarter.
Figures are added when the Debt Management Office publishes them, and verified before they appear.
Every chart below is drawn from our own database and carries the period it covers and the source it came from. Each one also publishes its underlying figures as a table, so nothing here is visible only as a picture.
The size of the debt, and how it splits between lenders at home and abroad.
₦ trillion
| Period | Total public debt (₦ trillion) |
|---|---|
| Q1 2020 | 28.63 |
| Q2 2020 | 31.01 |
| Q3 2020 | 32.22 |
| Q4 2020 | 32.92 |
| Q1 2021 | 33.11 |
| Q2 2021 | 35.47 |
| Q3 2021 | 38.04 |
| Q4 2021 | 39.56 |
| Q1 2022 | 41.60 |
| Q2 2022 | 42.85 |
| Q3 2022 | 44.06 |
| Q4 2022 | 46.25 |
| Q1 2023 | 49.85 |
| Q2 2023 | 87.38 |
| Q3 2023 | 87.91 |
| Q4 2023 | 97.34 |
| Q1 2024 | 121.67 |
| Q2 2024 | 134.30 |
| Q3 2024 | 142.32 |
| Q4 2024 | 144.00 |
| Q1 2025 | 149.39 |
| Q2 2025 | 152.40 |
| Q3 2025 | 153.29 |
| Q4 2025 | 159.28 |
| Q1 2026 | 159.35 |
2020–2026 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development, DMO
₦ trillion
| Period | Domestic (₦ trillion) | External (₦ trillion) |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 2020 | 18.64 | 9.99 |
| Q2 2020 | 19.65 | 11.36 |
| Q3 2020 | 30.04 | 12.19 |
| Q4 2020 | 16.02 | 16.89 |
| Q1 2021 | 16.51 | 16.59 |
| Q2 2021 | 21.75 | 13.71 |
| Q3 2021 | 22.43 | 15.57 |
| Q4 2021 | 23.70 | 15.86 |
| Q1 2022 | 24.99 | 16.62 |
| Q2 2022 | 26.23 | 16.62 |
| Q3 2022 | 21.55 | 17.15 |
| Q4 2022 | 27.55 | 18.70 |
| Q1 2023 | 30.21 | 19.64 |
| Q2 2023 | 54.13 | 33.43 |
| Q3 2023 | 55.93 | 31.98 |
| Q4 2023 | 59.12 | 38.22 |
| Q1 2024 | 65.65 | 56.02 |
| Q2 2024 | 71.22 | 63.07 |
| Q3 2024 | 73.43 | 68.89 |
| Q4 2024 | 74.38 | 70.29 |
| Q1 2025 | 78.76 | 70.63 |
| Q2 2025 | 80.55 | 71.85 |
| Q3 2025 | 81.82 | 71.48 |
| Q4 2025 | 84.85 | 74.43 |
| Q1 2026 | 87.40 | 71.95 |
2020–2026 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development, DMO
The debt measured against the economy, and against the limits set for it.
% of GDP
What the data itself shows
| Period | Debt-to-GDP (% of GDP) | Country-specific limit (% of GDP) | International reference (% of GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2020 | 20.03 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2020 | 22.23 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2020 | 23.10 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2021 | 23.20 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2021 | 24.85 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2021 | 26.66 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2021 | 27.72 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2022 | 22.56 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2022 | 23.24 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2022 | 23.20 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2023 | 25.01 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2023 | 43.84 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2023 | 44.10 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2023 | 48.83 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2024 | 52.92 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2024 | 58.41 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2024 | 61.90 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2024 | 61.22 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2025 | 44.19 | 60.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2025 | 45.08 | 60.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2025 | 38.57 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
2020–2025 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
Who holds the external debt, and what servicing it takes each year.
US$ billion
What the data itself shows
| Period | Multilateral (US$ billion) | Bilateral (US$ billion) | Commercial (US$ billion) | Syndicated loan (US$ billion) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 17.93 | 4.06 | 11.36 | — |
| 2021 | 18.66 | 4.47 | 15.27 | — |
| 2022 | 20.20 | 5.07 | 16.17 | 0.26 |
| 2023 | 21.15 | 5.96 | 15.12 | 0.27 |
| 2024 | 22.32 | 6.09 | 17.32 | 0.05 |
| 2025 | 23.85 | 6.72 | 21.28 | — |
2020–2025 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
US$ billion
| Period | US$ billion (US$ billion) |
|---|---|
| Eurobonds | 18.55 |
| International Development Association | 18.51 |
| China (Exim Bank of China) | 5.06 |
| Syndicated Loans (Projects) | 2.51 |
| African Development Bank | 2.18 |
| Int'l Bank for Reconstruction and Devpt. | 1.38 |
| African Development Fund | 1.02 |
| France (Agence Francaise Development) | 0.91 |
2025 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
₦ trillion
| Period | Principal (₦ trillion) | Interest (₦ trillion) |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 0.25 | 1.83 |
| 2021 | 0.24 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 0.32 | 2.24 |
| 2023 | 0.28 | 4.10 |
| 2024 | 0.27 | 5.60 |
2020–2024 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
Understanding these numbers is the first step toward demanding accountability and shaping a better fiscal future for Nigeria. Share these insights, ask questions, join the conversation.